Documents

Keywords: measurement, informality, undeclared work, method, indirect, model-based, direct, multi-method, discrepancy, International Labour Organisation, ILO, data, workshop, cooperation, estimates, statistical, national accounts, informal, formal, economy, measures, evidence, technical, methodologies, indicators, ICLS, Eurobarometer survey, social desirability bias, questionnaire, interviews,  21st International Conference of Labour Statisticians Resolution, electricity energy consumption, Labour force survey, LFS, Labour input method, Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes method, MIMIC, Dynamic General Equilibrium (DGE) method, moonlighters, ghosts, hidden, shadow, grey, Eurostat, Grey Economy Information Unit (GEIU), HMRC, UK, ILO Recommendation No. 204, data, SHADE project.  

This annual report analyses labour market imbalances across EURES countries in 2025, highlighting increasingly structural labour shortages despite some post‑pandemic easing.